Query
Query String
Queries are comprised of parameters, commands, and tokens, and use the following standard URL format: key=value&anotherKey=otherValue. All queries must be properly URL encoded using UTF-8 character encoding. Query parameter values and command argument values contain special characters that will need to be escaped before URL encoding. Some parameters, such as the text query parameter, accept Lucene-specific query syntax that needs to be escaped as well.
Characters may be escaped with the backslash (‘\’) character. For all parameter values and command arguments except q and fq, the characters that must be escaped include: ,:()${}. For parameters and arguments that hold Lucene query syntax, characters that may need to be escaped include: +-&|!(){}[]^”~?:\. Lucene special characters only need to be escaped if their special meaning was not intended. If Lucene escaping and regular escaping are both needed, as in the setTextQuery() command, the Lucene escaping must be performed before regular escaping.
Example – Constructing a query URL
Query for:
Probability models of recidivism: an exploration
Filter by:
Author: Linster, Richard L
Text Query:
Probability models of recidivism\: an exploration
Note that ‘:’ is escaped in a Lucene query, but no other escaping is needed for the q parameter
Text Filter:
Author:(Linster, Richard L)
Add Text Filter Command After Escaping:
addTextFilter(Author\:\(Linster\, Richard L\))
Note that ‘:’, ‘,’, ‘(‘ and ‘)’ are escaped
URL query string before encoding:
q=Probability models of recidivism\: an exploration&cmd=addTextFilter(Author\:\(Linster\, Richard L\))
URL query string encoded:
q=Probability+models+of+recidivism%5C%3A+an+exploration&cmd=addTextFilter%28Author%5C%3A%5C%28Linster%5C%2C+Richard+L%5C%29%29
For more specific information on building the URL query string, see: Parameters, Commands and Tokens.
Example
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"This article presents the results of an analysis of the risk of arrest for a violent crime for a cohort of youthful parolees. The sample consists of 1,949 individuals paroled by the California Youth Authority between July 1, 1981, and June 30, 1982. Results of a multivariate competing hazards analysis suggest that prior criminal history and socioeconomic variables are powerful predictors of both the timing and the charge of first arrest following parole. In comparison to results from a model predicting rearrest for any crime, rearrest for violence is significantly influenced by prior arrests for violence and several family pathology variables, including evidence of family violence and parental criminality. Prior gang involvement and heavy use of alcohol and illicit drugs have little predictive ability for violent recidivism among our sample. The results indicate that prediction of rearrest for violence among a group of serious youthful offenders may be practical if criminal history, institutional behavior, and personal background characteristics are all taken into account."
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"article-title":"“Survival Model of Pretrial Failure.”",
"publication-title":"Journal of Quantitative Criminology",
"contributor":{
"fullname":"Visher, C. A."
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"fullname":"R. L. Linster"
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"volume":"29",
"start-page":"317",
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"article-title":"“Markov Chain Analysis and Specialization in Criminal Careers.”",
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"article-title":"“Violent Delinquents and Urban Youth.”",
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"contributor":{
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"contributor":{
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"contributor":{
"fullname":"Piper, E."
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"Mortality data were gathered from California Vital Statistics for more than 4,000 youth paroled by the California Youth Authority during the 1980s. Exposure periods (time at risk of death), were about 11 years and 6 years for the two samples. Known deaths for two cohorts totaled 181 for the 3,995 male offenders in the two samples, including 109 for the 1,998 males in the 1981-1982 sample and 72 for the 1,997 males in the 1986-1987 sample. Homicide was the prevailing cause for both samples. Of particular note is the fact that the numbers of deaths due to causes other than homicide are roughly proportional to the length of the exposure periods for the two samples while the numbers of homicides are roughly equal despite the very different lengths of time at risk. A higher probability of death by murder was observed for Black youth, those from Los Angeles, those with a history of gang involvement and institutional violence, and those with a history of drug arrests.",
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